Architectural Development The 15th and 16th centuries saw significant architectural additions to the castle. The Great Hall, built by King James IV in 1511, remains one of the finest medieval halls in Scotland, designed to host grand feasts and formal events. The castle’s defensive struc

Wars of Scottish Independence The castle’s medieval history is marked by the turbulent Wars of Scottish Independence (late 13th to early 14th centuries), during which it changed hands several times between the Scots and the English. In 1296, King Edward I of England captured Edinburgh Ca

Introduction Edinburgh Castle stands as one of the most iconic and historically significant landmarks in Scotland, perched dramatically atop Castle Rock in the heart of Edinburgh, the nation’s capital. Its commanding position overlooking the city and the surrounding landscape reflects its l

The Concept of “Middle” as Inferior or Transitional The term “Middle Ages” implies that this period was simply a bridge between two superior eras—Antiquity and Modernity.   This view tends to diminish the significance of the medieval period by fr